2007年10月26日 星期五

ABA練琴記



ABA練琴記


大兒SS是自閉症,自幼有很好的音樂感、節奏感,但是對聲音也非常敏感,無法容忍任何不喜的聲響。我們知道他喜愛音樂,又因為他的小肌肉發展弱,故此五歲半開始讓他跟姑姑學鋼琴,因而發現他天生有絕對音準(perfect pitch)。後來做音樂治療,由於他對鋼琴有興趣,也特別加強這方面的訓練。

不過,一直以來SS都只是「玩鋼琴,從來不能好好地彈,也不肯練習。一方面由於他的手指肌肉真是很弱,手眼協調也不佳;另一方面則因為他音感好,往往喜歡記著旋律,而不肯看樂譜(雖然不看琴譜也能彈鋼琴,例如視障人士,但就要用很長的時間);學習新的樂曲,很快他就能把旋律唱出來,但是手指頭跟不上,他便沒有心機繼續彈了。

其實要SS學鋼琴,我們只是希望他能鍛鍊手指肌肉,沒有抱很大的期望。可是他學了三年,至今仍停留在很初級的階段。雖然他可以準確地聽出各個音階、大小音調、和絃,卻不能流暢地彈一首樂曲,因為他不肯練琴。就算他肯應酬地坐在鋼琴前彈一兩下,很快就會被其他的東西分散注意力而跑開。要他練琴是非常頭痛的事。

兩個多星期前,我終於想到用ABA方法(應用行為分析療法),令SS開始練習彈音階。ABA方法簡單地來說,就是把孩子要學的內容分成數個比較容易做到的小步驟,每一個步驟反覆練習,待練成後,才教下一個步驟。在整個學習過程中,可用各種提示及技巧幫助孩子,並且立即獎勵正確的答案或行為。年幼的孩子可用愛吃的零食分成小份用作獎賞,稍大的孩子則可用其他的方法讚賞,比如貼紙,畫笑臉。盡量用他們可看見(visual cues)的東西使他們明白目標,知道自己做得怎麼樣。

第一天我用SS最愛的洋蔥圈做獎品,在鋼琴旁邊放了一個白板,畫了一排五個大圓圈,告訴他每彈一遍音階,我就會在圓圈裡畫一個笑臉,有五個笑臉他可吃五個洋蔥圈。然後我教他用右手彈向上的音階,很快他就完成獲得獎品。接著學左手,也很順利彈了五次。SS不用坐多久,就能吃洋蔥圈,因此很樂意。

有了第一天的成功經驗,第二天叫SS彈琴就容易些。這次SS彈的不好時,我告訴他要再彈一次好的,我才會畫一個笑臉。他開始不太願意,但也勉強做;他一做到,我就很誇張地讚賞他。慢慢地,他知道彈得不好時,就會告訴自己要從頭開始彈。他做到了,就望一下白板,看我是否畫一個笑臉。待他彈得可以了,我又再教多一些,要求高一些。

就這樣一點點地增加。兩個星期以來,從開始他只能坐下彈了三分鐘,到現在20分鐘以上;從原來只能彈向上的音階,到現在能彈上下完整的音階,C大調G大調……一個個地加上去。本來彈音階是最悶的事,但孩子有了成功感,也就願意繼續彈。這兩天大兒練琴甚至自己不看琴鍵來彈,還自行加了一些節奏花式呢!

當然彈琴20分鐘對於正常的孩子是微不足道的,但對我們這些坐不定的自閉兒來說,卻是難能可貴。

一個小插曲是,SS練琴時,妹妹JJ想搗蛋;SS一生氣就想離席不彈。我只好讓妹妹擔任歡樂小姐,替媽媽畫圓圈,填上笑臉,紀錄哥哥彈好的次數。妹妹覺得有趣,哥哥也因此能繼續練琴。於是,哥哥每彈完一遍音階,自己也滿意了,就會看看妹妹;而妹妹就在媽媽的指示下,在白板上畫一個笑臉。

結果,客廳裡充滿了鋼琴聲,白板上畫滿了笑臉;孩子們臉上是愉悅的神情,爸爸媽媽眼裡含著感動的淚水——你不知道,那一刻有多美!


9 則留言:

  1. sjmamam,
    我能想像到你們愉快的眼淚背後是一幅美麗的畫像。
    多謝你的資料,好讓大家好好的學習!

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  2. sjmama,
    你對Biomedical Treatment同ABA嘅呢幾篇blog, 都寫得好詳細呀!
    我仔仔都學緊琴呀, 我都寫過少少關於訓練手肌嘅資料, 好以睇睇...不過我估你都已經識架喇. 

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  3. 條link嘅呢個-
    http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/chanchanboy2003/article?mid=1856
    [版主回覆10/27/2007 17:53:00]藍色的珠子沒見過呢, 我也去找找看, 謝謝!

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  4. Patience and Love,=impressive result. Thanks for the information.

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  5. 一份耕耘,一份收穫。你咁努力,仔仔囡囡的進步就是最好的回報!
    很多謝你分享好多資料和教學法,大家共同努力呀!

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  6. 我的孩子我妳的一樣,都有Abosolute pitch,我興幸是音樂治療師發現的,繼而那裏學了四年多的琴和音樂治療訓練;亦都在幾年前的暑假,在治療師安排下進行了一整個月的ABA,效果相當好!
    上個月兒子還考了鋼琴三級試,這是他自己的選擇,我和丈夫之前是非常抗拒的,結果並不重要,但重要的是近來兒子各方面都提升了!
    大家一同努力吧!
    [版主回覆10/27/2007 17:54:00]如果是孩子自己確定的目標, 那就更好了!

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  7. 各位:
    謝謝! 讓我們一起努力, 汗水,淚水不會白流的.
     

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  8. Dear sjmama,
    my son has just passed his grade 2 piano exam. For a normal 8 years
    old, passing a grade 2 exam is a piece of cake, but for my son, with
    his clumsy fingers and poor concentration, he has certainly come a long
    way to achieve this. He was the one who requested for the exam and we
    are so proud of him. Last year he has lots of behaviour/social 
    problems at school and I felt so hopeless, but this year, suddenly
    everything has improved. Now I really understand there is always up and
    down when raising our special child, we just have to be patient and
    stay positive.
    Thanks for sharing all  the information  in your blog, it's really helpful!  

    [版主回覆11/02/2007 10:03:00]Dear pamam,
    So surprised to see you here! Thanks for sharing! Congratulations to your son for passing grade 2 exam!   Well done!
    I wish some day my son would request for the exam. But I know it's quite impossible. Not just practicing those pieces, but attending the exam and listen to the examiner, who is a stranger and follow his/ her instructions will be very tough, particularly to our kids whose attention is weak.
    Yes, being patient and staying positive is very important to us. Yesterday we had a meeting with our son's teachers and we're told that he's incompliant recently. I have to remind myself about that.
     

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  9. Hi, sjmama
     
    I am wewangwang, I just come to know that you have made such a wonderful blog to share your experience, tears and laughter with us. Thank you for all your efforts.
     
    My son is also perfect pitch and he just passed grade 4 piano exam with ‘merit’ - 127 points. It really surprised me as he was very nervous when he entered the exam venue. I thought he made up a mess in his exam pieces.   I really thank god for giving him such a gift. He always plays songs after hearing from school and he can compose songs with ease. I hope SS can keep on playing piano and attend exam in future , not for the result but for a big step forward himself.
     
    Hi Pamam,
     
    Glad to hear that your son has good progress in his social life. My son ‘s social life makes me feel very upset. His social skill is still poor. He knows the theories but he cannot make it. He is too childish when comparing with his classmates. Hope he can have breakthrough some day. His class teacher asked him to play piano in next week’s school assembly, hoping that he can use his musical abilities as an arena where he can gain success and recognition.     My son said he feel nervous but he promised, though reluctantly. Good luck to him.
     
    I have put my son’s articles and some video in his blog http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/wanghei-mylife
    [版主回覆11/06/2007 10:47:00]Hi wewangwang,
    So glad to see you here! Wanghei is marvelous!
    Wanghei and pamam's son are very high-functioning. I don't think my son can attend the exam. Just hope to keep his interest in playing piano.

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